Stingboll

125 kommentarer

En tidigare konfirmand frågade om reglerna till leken ”stingboll”, en lek som på våra konfirmandläger på Åhusgården har status av sport. Vi har under våra läger löpande turneringar i några sporter, oftast fotboll, volleyboll, ultimate och just stingboll, en gren jag utvecklade för många år sedan som en variant av traditionell gränsbrännboll (dialektalt ”spökboll”).

Lag

När vi spelar stingboll på konfirmandlägren brukar det vara mellan fem och åtta spelare i varje lag. Det går naturligtvis att spela med mycket större lag, men eventuellt får man då göra en större spelplan.

Spelplan

Stingboll spelas på och runt en kvadratisk spelplan med en sida på cirka åtta till tio meter. Det behöver vara gott om fritt utrymme också utanför planen, minst tre meter åt varje håll men gärna mycket mer. Gräs är ett bra underlag. Planen markeras med tydliga linjer, till exempel av tvättlina. Om man spelar i idrottshall kan man låta planen utgöras av till exempel ena planhalvan av en volleybollplan.

Boll

Spelet spelas med en mjuk boll, gärna plastad skumgummiboll, i ungefärlig storlek av en volleyboll. Bollen skall vara tillräckligt mjuk och tillräckligt stor (svårkastad) för att det inte skall göra särskilt ont att få den i ansiktet.

Spelet

Inför spelet väljer båda lagen en spelare som utespelare. Alla övriga är innespelare. Innespelarna ställer sig på spelplanen, utespelarna utanför. Spelet börjar sedan med uppkast mellan en spelare från vardera laget.

Under spelets gång gäller det att träffa motståndarnas innespelare med bollen samtidigt som man själv försöker att undvika att få den på sig. Man får som innespelare lov att röra bollen med händerna, inklusive underarmarna. Om bollen på något sätt vidrör någon annan kroppsdel är man ”stungen”, tagen. Det spelar ingen roll om det beror på att motståndare kastat bollen på en, om man får en slarvig pass på sig, om man tar emot bollen genom att trycka den mot bröstet, om man själv kastat den på någon annan och den studsar tillbaka på en eller om man råkar trampa på den. Om man rör den är man stungen. En innespelare som blir stungen blir omedelbart utespelare och kliver av planen. Spelet pausar inte för detta utan fortgår. Om spelaren som stungits själv håller i bollen släpps denna rakt ner (den får inte passas till medspelare).

När den första innespelaren i ett lag blir stungen och lämnar planen stiger den första utespelaren in och blir innespelare. Detta gäller alltså enbart den första träffen, ingen som börjat spelet som innespelare kan bli innespelare igen.

En innespelare får inte trampa utanför linjerna som avgränsar planen. På linjen är tillåtet, men om hela foten är utanför är spelaren stungen och måste stiga av. Om spelaren håller i bollen släpps den rakt ner och vem som helst får plocka upp den. En innespelare får inte heller sätta ner någon annan kroppsdel utanför linjen. Innespelare får plocka upp bollen utanför linjen, men alltså inte sätta ner en fot eller hand utanför för att nå.

Den som håller i bollen får inte springa, men får flytta ena foten och kan på det sättet vrida sig. Bollen kan kastas mot en motspelare eller passas till en medspelare.

Utespelare

Utespelarna är med i spelet i lika hög grad som innespelarna. Bollen kan passas fram och tillbaka mellan innespelare och utespelare och utespelarna kan försöka kasta på motståndarnas innespelare.

Utespelarna får, lika lite som innespelarna, gå med bollen. Samma vridsteg gäller. Ett undantag finns dock från denna regel. När ett lag har bara en utespelare får denna efter att ha plockat upp bollen gå närmaste vägen till närmaste linje till spelplanen. Finns minst två utespelare måste bollen passas från den plats där den plockats upp.

En utespelare får inte sätta ner foten eller någon annan kroppsdel innanför linjerna till spelplanen. Om så sker på ett sätt som påverkar spelet får motståndarna bollen. Utespelare får dock plocka upp bollen innanför linjen om det kan ske utan att röra marken innanför.

Passar

Bollen får passas mellan spelarna i ett lag hur många gånger som helst, men minst var fjärde pass måste gå till en utespelare. Denna regel begränsar möjligheterna att stänga in en motspelare i ett hörn.

Kroppskontakt

Ingen aktiv kroppskontakt är tillåten. Man får alltså aldrig knuffa eller tackla en motspelare.

Spelslut och poängräkning

En period är slut då endast ett lag har innespelare kvar. Detta lag vinner perioden och får ett poäng för varje kvarvarande innespelare. Sedan börjar man om spelet, med en utespelare från vardera laget och resten innespelare. På konfirmandlägren brukar vi spela matcher om fyra perioder, där alltså poängen från varje period sammanräknas.

Avbytare

Lagen bör vara lika stora. Om endera laget är större kan man spela med avbytare. En avbytare står över en hel period av spelet och kan sedan bytas in till nästa period.

Avblåsningar

Anledningar till avblåsningar:

  • Stegfel. Om någon med bollen i hand tar flera steg får motståndarna bollen.
  • Foul. Om någon knuffar eller tacklar en motståndare får motståndarna bollen.
  • Behållen boll. Om någon blir stungen med bollen i handen och behåller den i stället för att släppa den får motståndarna bollen.
  • Låst boll. Om spelare från två lag håller i bollen och ingen av dem ganska snabbt tappar sitt grepp döms uppkast mellan dessa två.
  • Övertramp. Om utespelare skapar fördel genom att trampa innanför linjen får motståndarna bollen.
  • Passfel. Om ett lag passar till innespelare fyra gånger i rad får motståndarna bollen.
  • Spelkorrigering. Om en innespelare, efter att ha blivit stungen, påverkar spelet inne på planen får motståndarna bollen. Om en startare utespelare påverkar spelet utanför planen efter att spelaren skulle ha stigit in på planen som innespelare får motståndarna bollen.

Domare kan dessutom döma en person som stungen. Detta leder dock inte till spelavbrott, om inte enligt regeln för spelkorrigering ovan. Det normala är dock att spelare själva stiger av när de blir stungna, utan att domare behöver påpeka något.

125 thoughts on “Stingboll”

  45. I used to be suggested this blog by means of my cousin.
    I am not positive whether or not this publish is written by way of him as no one else know such
    special approximately my problem. You are amazing! Thank
    you! Roma fodboldtrøje

  46. Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make
    your point. You obviously know what youre talking about,
    why throw away your intelligence on just posting videos to your weblog when you could
    be giving us something informative to read? Manchester United drakt 2019

  47. I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought
    this post was good. I don’t know who you are but definitely you are going
    to a famous blogger if you aren’t already
    😉 Cheers! Maglia chelsea Bambino

  49. My programmer is trying to persuade me to move to
    .net from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses.

    But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using Movable-type on various websites for about a year and am nervous about switching to another platform.

    I have heard excellent things about blogengine.net.
    Is there a way I can import all my wordpress content into it?

    Any kind of help would be greatly appreciated! Maglia Calcio Lazio Bambino

  50. I just couldn’t go away your website prior to suggesting that I actually enjoyed the usual info
    a person provide on your guests? Is gonna be again continuously to investigate cross-check new posts Barcelona Fodboldtrøjer

  51. Hello! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask.
    Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest authoring a blog
    post or vice-versa? My blog discusses a lot of the same
    topics as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other.
    If you’re interested feel free to send me an e-mail.

    I look forward to hearing from you! Fantastic blog by the way!

    Chelsea fotbollströja

  52. Hello, this weekend is good in favor of me, since this
    time i am reading this enormous educational paragraph here at my home.
    Maglia Lazio

  53. It is appropriate time to make a few plans for the longer term
    and it’s time to be happy. I’ve read this post
    and if I may I want to suggest you few interesting things or suggestions.
    Perhaps you could write next articles regarding this
    article. I wish to learn even more issues approximately
    it! AC Milan Matchtröjor

  75. I抎 must examine with you here. Which is not one thing I usually do! I take pleasure in studying a post that will make individuals think. Also, thanks for allowing me to remark!

  77. Hello I am so happy I found your website, I really found you by accident, while I
    was browsing on Digg for something else, Nonetheless I am
    here now and would just like to say many thanks for a
    marvelous post and a all round interesting blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to read it all at the minute but
    I have saved it and also included your RSS feeds, so when I
    have time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep
    up the awesome b. billige fotballdrakter Lorrielnh Maglie
    da calcio Prima Maglia Wolfsburg JaimeBond

  78. Great blog here! Also your site loads up fast! What host are you using?
    Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my web site
    loaded up as fast as yours lol Billiga Schweiz Fotbollströja AndrewCui maglie calcio poco prezzo EstelaRiz

  85. I have to express appreciation to this writer for bailing me out of this incident. Because of looking out throughout the world-wide-web and coming across views which were not helpful, I thought my life was gone. Being alive minus the strategies to the problems you’ve solved by way of your good guide is a crucial case, and ones that would have badly damaged my entire career if I had not encountered your web blog. Your personal understanding and kindness in taking care of every item was crucial. I’m not sure what I would’ve done if I hadn’t come across such a point like this. It’s possible to at this moment relish my future. Thanks very much for this expert and result oriented help. I will not hesitate to refer your web page to any person who would need guidance about this problem.

  86. I am only writing to make you understand what a excellent discovery my daughter had studying your blog. She mastered too many details, including what it is like to have an ideal giving mood to have the mediocre ones clearly learn about several impossible matters. You really did more than visitors’ expected results. Thanks for coming up with the precious, trusted, explanatory and even cool thoughts on this topic to Ethel.

  87. I and also my friends came going through the good procedures located on the website and then quickly got a horrible feeling I never expressed respect to the website owner for those techniques. My ladies came consequently thrilled to learn them and have in effect clearly been taking advantage of those things. Thank you for truly being really helpful and then for finding this kind of high-quality information millions of individuals are really wanting to be aware of. My sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to you sooner.

  88. I wish to express my appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of this particular matter. As a result of scouting through the internet and getting methods which were not productive, I thought my entire life was gone. Being alive without the presence of solutions to the difficulties you have resolved by means of the site is a serious case, and those which might have in a wrong way affected my career if I hadn’t noticed your website. Your personal mastery and kindness in dealing with the whole thing was very useful. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn’t discovered such a step like this. I am able to now relish my future. Thank you so much for this impressive and amazing guide. I will not think twice to suggest your web site to anybody who will need recommendations about this subject matter.

  89. Needed to create you one little bit of note so as to say thanks once again for your fantastic opinions you’ve featured here. It has been certainly pretty generous of you to make unreservedly just what a few people would’ve advertised as an e book in making some cash for their own end, especially given that you could have done it in the event you decided. Those inspiring ideas also worked to provide a fantastic way to realize that most people have the identical fervor really like mine to know a good deal more concerning this issue. I know there are a lot more enjoyable times ahead for individuals that take a look at your blog post.

  90. I must show my thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of this situation. Right after exploring throughout the the web and getting ideas which were not beneficial, I was thinking my entire life was gone. Living without the answers to the problems you’ve resolved all through your website is a serious case, and the ones that could have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I had not encountered your site. Your main knowledge and kindness in handling a lot of things was useful. I’m not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a point like this. I can now relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for the expert and result oriented help. I won’t hesitate to recommend your blog to anyone who requires assistance on this situation.

  91. My husband and i felt very happy that Albert could finish up his inquiry through the precious recommendations he gained using your blog. It’s not at all simplistic to simply continually be freely giving tips most people have been making money from. And we all discover we have got you to give thanks to for this. Those explanations you made, the easy site menu, the friendships you will give support to engender – it’s most incredible, and it’s really assisting our son in addition to our family reason why this article is enjoyable, which is certainly extraordinarily serious. Thanks for everything!

  92. Thanks a lot for giving everyone an exceptionally superb chance to read in detail from this web site. It is often very kind and packed with fun for me and my office co-workers to search your site at the least thrice in one week to read the new tips you have got. And indeed, I am always contented with the stunning secrets served by you. Selected two areas in this posting are unquestionably the most efficient I have ever had.

  93. I precisely had to say thanks once again. I am not sure the things I could possibly have accomplished without the actual suggestions shared by you about this situation. It seemed to be an absolute alarming situation for me personally, nevertheless noticing a new skilled style you handled the issue forced me to cry for fulfillment. I will be happy for this assistance and trust you are aware of an amazing job that you are accomplishing training many others via your web site. More than likely you have never encountered all of us.

  94. Thank you a lot for giving everyone remarkably superb possiblity to discover important secrets from this site. It is always so fantastic and packed with a great time for me and my office colleagues to visit your web site really 3 times every week to study the fresh issues you will have. And indeed, I’m just at all times motivated considering the special guidelines you serve. Selected 2 areas in this post are indeed the best we’ve had.

  95. I simply needed to say thanks all over again. I am not sure what I would have taken care of without the type of tactics shown by you concerning such industry. It previously was an absolute frightening condition in my view, nevertheless being able to view your expert avenue you managed it took me to leap over contentment. Now i am happy for the service and in addition wish you find out what a powerful job you have been carrying out educating others through your web site. I am certain you have never encountered all of us.

  96. I must express some appreciation to you for rescuing me from this particular difficulty. Right after checking throughout the world wide web and obtaining things that were not productive, I was thinking my life was gone. Being alive devoid of the strategies to the problems you have fixed through your website is a crucial case, as well as ones that would have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I had not encountered your blog. Your actual competence and kindness in touching the whole thing was crucial. I’m not sure what I would’ve done if I had not encountered such a stuff like this. I can at this moment look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for your professional and sensible guide. I will not hesitate to suggest your web blog to any individual who ought to have recommendations on this matter.

  97. Thanks for your own labor on this blog. Debby really likes conducting investigation and it’s really easy to see why. All of us notice all regarding the powerful means you provide insightful guides via the website and as well cause participation from the others on that theme then our favorite daughter is actually being taught a great deal. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You’re the one conducting a wonderful job.

  98. I needed to compose you one tiny word just to say thanks a lot again for the nice solutions you have provided at this time. It was certainly pretty generous of you giving publicly all that numerous people might have supplied as an e-book to help with making some dough on their own, most importantly considering that you could possibly have tried it if you wanted. These principles additionally served to become a good way to be aware that other individuals have the identical desire like my very own to learn more concerning this issue. I am sure there are lots of more pleasurable periods up front for folks who look into your site.

  99. A lot of thanks for all of your work on this site. Ellie loves making time for investigations and it’s really easy to understand why. I learn all of the powerful means you offer both interesting and useful guides on your website and welcome participation from other people on this theme so our princess is now understanding a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You have been performing a glorious job.

  100. I precisely wanted to thank you very much all over again. I am not sure the things I might have implemented without the type of techniques discussed by you on such question. It had been a very troublesome problem in my view, nevertheless finding out the very specialized strategy you solved the issue took me to cry for fulfillment. I am just thankful for your work as well as pray you really know what a powerful job you have been providing educating many people all through your websites. I am sure you haven’t met any of us.

  101. My husband and i got relieved Michael could deal with his preliminary research while using the ideas he acquired from your very own blog. It is now and again perplexing to just choose to be giving for free helpful tips which often some others might have been making money from. And we all recognize we now have the writer to thank because of that. These explanations you have made, the simple website menu, the relationships you make it easier to foster – it’s got many terrific, and it’s making our son and us consider that the subject matter is cool, which is rather mandatory. Many thanks for all!

  102. Thanks for each of your effort on this web page. Kate really likes engaging in investigations and it’s simple to grasp why. My spouse and i notice all about the compelling form you make efficient guidance on this web site and in addition improve participation from visitors about this subject then our own simple princess is certainly understanding a lot of things. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You are carrying out a very good job.

  103. My wife and i were absolutely more than happy that Ervin managed to complete his basic research through the ideas he discovered from your own web pages. It is now and again perplexing to just find yourself handing out key points which many people could have been making money from. Therefore we do understand we now have the blog owner to be grateful to for that. All the explanations you have made, the simple web site navigation, the friendships your site make it possible to promote – it is most wonderful, and it’s helping our son in addition to our family do think the issue is excellent, and that’s pretty vital. Thank you for the whole lot!

  104. My husband and i felt very relieved that Edward managed to round up his homework through the precious recommendations he was given from your very own site. It is now and again perplexing to just be releasing helpful tips which usually some others have been making money from. And now we understand we have the blog owner to give thanks to for this. All the explanations you made, the straightforward site menu, the friendships your site aid to instill – it’s got mostly impressive, and it’s really leading our son in addition to the family understand the subject matter is brilliant, which is seriously fundamental. Many thanks for all the pieces!

  105. I precisely desired to thank you very much yet again. I am not sure the things that I would have implemented without the creative ideas documented by you over such area of interest. This was a very traumatic case for me, but looking at the specialized mode you resolved the issue forced me to cry for delight. Now i’m happy for the assistance as well as pray you find out what a great job you’re doing teaching people using your websites. Probably you haven’t encountered any of us.

  106. I wanted to create you a very small note to finally give many thanks the moment again just for the pleasing guidelines you’ve shown above. This is certainly unbelievably generous with you to grant unreservedly all that a number of people would have sold as an e book to earn some bucks for themselves, particularly now that you could have done it in case you wanted. The basics in addition acted to become a good way to be sure that other people have similar passion just like my own to realize more and more concerning this problem. I know there are millions of more enjoyable times in the future for people who look over your blog post.

  107. Needed to post you one little remark in order to give many thanks yet again considering the marvelous knowledge you have shared here. It has been really unbelievably open-handed with you in giving without restraint what most of us could possibly have made available as an ebook to help make some bucks on their own, certainly now that you might well have done it in case you desired. Those good tips as well acted to provide a good way to recognize that other individuals have the same dreams the same as my own to know whole lot more in terms of this problem. I am certain there are numerous more pleasurable instances up front for many who scan through your blog post.

  108. I and also my guys appeared to be digesting the best key points on your web blog and so immediately came up with a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the website owner for those secrets. Most of the ladies were definitely as a consequence thrilled to read them and have now definitely been taking pleasure in them. Appreciate your really being quite helpful as well as for considering certain nice themes most people are really desperate to understand about. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to earlier.

  109. I must express my thanks to this writer just for rescuing me from this particular dilemma. Just after surfing around throughout the search engines and obtaining ideas that were not powerful, I believed my entire life was gone. Living devoid of the answers to the issues you have resolved through your entire posting is a serious case, as well as the kind that might have in a negative way damaged my career if I had not come across the blog. Your personal competence and kindness in touching a lot of stuff was very useful. I’m not sure what I would’ve done if I hadn’t come across such a step like this. I can also at this moment look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for the professional and results-oriented guide. I won’t be reluctant to suggest your blog to any individual who needs and wants guidance on this situation.

  110. Thanks for your entire effort on this website. My daughter really likes participating in internet research and it is obvious why. My spouse and i know all concerning the lively mode you offer advantageous guidelines through this web site and even improve participation from visitors on the area of interest and our favorite daughter is undoubtedly studying so much. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. You have been conducting a remarkable job.

  111. I enjoy you because of all of your efforts on this website. My daughter really loves working on investigations and it is easy to see why. My partner and i notice all of the compelling tactic you convey effective techniques via the web blog and attract participation from others about this topic so our own child is without question learning so much. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You are doing a good job.

  112. I wanted to construct a quick comment in order to say thanks to you for all of the unique tactics you are showing at this site. My long internet research has now been paid with good quality details to exchange with my family and friends. I would believe that most of us site visitors are extremely blessed to dwell in a good community with many marvellous professionals with very helpful advice. I feel very fortunate to have come across your website and look forward to many more excellent minutes reading here. Thanks again for everything.

  113. I am also commenting to make you be aware of of the really good experience our girl enjoyed going through your web page. She realized some pieces, including what it is like to have an incredible helping nature to have others just fully understand chosen complex issues. You truly did more than our own expected results. I appreciate you for churning out the informative, trusted, informative as well as unique thoughts on the topic to Emily.

  114. I and my guys have already been digesting the best suggestions from your website then suddenly I had an awful feeling I never thanked the site owner for those secrets. Most of the ladies had been as a result passionate to learn all of them and now have in actuality been loving them. Thanks for really being simply considerate as well as for utilizing some fabulous resources most people are really desirous to be informed on. My personal sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.

  115. I just wanted to compose a small comment in order to thank you for these splendid hints you are placing at this site. My incredibly long internet lookup has at the end been recognized with good knowledge to go over with my visitors. I would tell you that many of us readers are undoubtedly fortunate to be in a superb site with many lovely people with very beneficial plans. I feel really fortunate to have encountered your web page and look forward to some more amazing times reading here. Thanks again for a lot of things.

  116. My husband and i were absolutely lucky when Michael could carry out his homework with the precious recommendations he acquired from your own web pages. It is now and again perplexing just to find yourself handing out tips and tricks which often people might have been making money from. We really acknowledge we have you to thank because of that. These illustrations you have made, the straightforward blog menu, the relationships you aid to instill – it’s all fabulous, and it’s helping our son in addition to our family reckon that the subject is cool, which is wonderfully essential. Thank you for the whole thing!

  117. Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extremely nice chance to check tips from this site. It can be so good and as well , packed with a good time for me and my office fellow workers to search the blog nearly three times every week to read the newest stuff you will have. Not to mention, I’m at all times astounded with your exceptional points you give. Selected 3 tips on this page are truly the best I have had.

  118. I and also my pals ended up checking the great solutions on your web page and then suddenly I got a horrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those secrets. Those ladies are actually absolutely joyful to read them and now have very much been taking advantage of them. Appreciation for actually being really thoughtful as well as for selecting varieties of awesome information millions of individuals are really desirous to understand about. Our own honest regret for not saying thanks to you sooner.

  119. I intended to send you one little bit of word in order to say thanks a lot as before for the lovely views you have featured on this site. This has been remarkably generous of people like you giving publicly just what a lot of folks could possibly have distributed as an ebook in making some bucks for their own end, specifically since you could possibly have done it in the event you wanted. These tips likewise served to be a easy way to be sure that most people have the same eagerness just like my personal own to know very much more with regard to this matter. I know there are thousands of more fun sessions ahead for people who read your blog post.

  121. I wish to get across my affection for your generosity for men and women who require assistance with in this issue. Your very own commitment to getting the solution up and down turned out to be unbelievably valuable and have in every case empowered employees like me to realize their endeavors. This useful suggestions means this much to me and additionally to my mates. Warm regards; from each one of us.

  122. I precisely had to say thanks again. I am not sure the things that I would have worked on in the absence of those information documented by you concerning that question. It was actually an absolute alarming matter in my circumstances, however , witnessing your professional strategy you resolved it made me to leap for joy. I’m happy for this service and thus sincerely hope you know what a powerful job you are providing teaching others thru your web site. I am sure you’ve never come across all of us.

  123. I would like to show my appreciation for your kind-heartedness supporting persons who require guidance on this important idea. Your special dedication to getting the message up and down ended up being certainly practical and has without exception made girls like me to attain their endeavors. The valuable facts entails a great deal to me and extremely more to my mates. Many thanks; from each one of us.

  124. I intended to create you the very small remark to finally say thanks a lot the moment again for the striking basics you’ve provided on this page. This is certainly extremely generous with people like you to provide easily precisely what most of us would’ve advertised as an ebook to help with making some dough on their own, chiefly seeing that you could possibly have tried it if you ever decided. Those suggestions in addition acted like a easy way to know that other people have similar zeal like my personal own to learn lots more in terms of this problem. I believe there are thousands of more pleasant opportunities ahead for individuals that looked over your blog.

  125. Thanks for every one of your hard work on this web page. Kim delights in managing research and it’s really obvious why. Most people hear all concerning the compelling way you offer invaluable guidelines through the website and as well as recommend response from the others on that subject so our favorite daughter is truly learning a great deal. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You’re the one conducting a splendid job.

Kommentarer inaktiverade.